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Primary Sources: Fort Duffield & the 9th Michigan Infantry

Primary Sources: Fort Duffield & the 9th Michigan Infantry

A curated archive of letters, reports, and firsthand accounts documenting the construction, occupation, and lived experience of Fort Duffield and the 9th Michigan Infantry during the Civil War. Materials are presented in strict chronological order to support research and interpretation.

For a complete, research‑grade synthesis of all known burials, medical context, and postwar reinterment, see the Fort Duffield Civil War Soldier Archive:

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📜 1861

Formation of the Ninth Michigan Infantry, movement into Kentucky, and the construction of Fort Duffield.

October 1, 1861 — Fort Wayne, Detroit, Michigan

Original Document (PDF)
Readable Version

Our regiment is filling up rapidly. We now have 910 men. I have transferred 100 from our regiment to help fill the Eighth Regiment, which left here last Friday for Washington. I expect we will be ordered to march in the course of two or three weeks…

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October 6, 1861 — Camp Duffield, West Point, Kentucky — Parkhurst to Helen

Original Transcription
Camp Duffield, West Point, Ky.

October 6th, 1861

My Dear Helen,

I don’t think I have heard from you in nearly two weeks...
[full transcription preserved exactly as provided]
Readable Version

My Dear Helen,

I don’t think I have heard from you in nearly two weeks…

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October 15, 1861 — Parkhurst Papers

Original Document (PDF)
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Our regiment is going under working orders. We shall go to Kentucky as soon as we can get arms…

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October 29, 1861 — “Camp Duffield,” Mouth of Salt River — Frank H. K. Barker

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Writing on October 29, 1861, Frank H. K. Barker reports that the Ninth Michigan is encamped…

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November 1, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Pvt. John C. Love

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John Love describes the regiment’s river journey from Jeffersonville to West Point…

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November 6, 1861 — Camp Geo. Duffield — Parkhurst to Helen

Original Document

Original document not yet available.

Readable Version

Parkhurst writes anxiously to his wife Helen…

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November 7, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Pvt. John C. Love

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Love reports warm weather, fortification work on Mistletoe Hill…

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November 10, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — “My Sweet Darling Kitten”

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Original document not yet available.

Readable Version

My sweet darling Kitten…

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November 10, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Parkhurst to Kittie

Original Document (PDF)
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Readable transcription will be added when deciphered.

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November 13, 1861 — Camp Geo. Duffield — Capt. C.V. DeLand

Original Document
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Capt. DeLand describes a night alarm…

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November 18, 1861 — Camp Geo. Duffield — Capt. C.V. DeLand

Original Document
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Capt. DeLand writes to Mrs. Beebe describing the severe sickness…

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November 20, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Pvt. John C. Love

Original Document (PDF)
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Love reports that he is well and that most of the boys from home are recovering…

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November 22, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Parkhurst to Helen

Original Document (PDF)
Readable Version

Readable transcription will be added when deciphered.

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November 25, 1861 — Camp Geo. Duffield — Thanksgiving Letters

Original Document

Original document not yet available.

Readable Version

These Thanksgiving letters describe the regiment’s observance of the holiday…

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November 28, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Parkhurst to Sister

Original Document (PDF)

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November 28, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Parkhurst to Sister

Original Document (PDF)
Readable Version

Readable transcription will be added when the PDF is fully deciphered. The original PDF is available above.

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December 1, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Pvt. John C. Love

Original Document (PDF)
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Love writes that the regiment has been ordered to move again…

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December 5, 1861 — Muldraugh Hill, Kentucky — Parkhurst to Sister

Original Document (PDF)
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Readable transcription will be added when the PDF is fully deciphered.

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December 13, 1861 — West Point, Kentucky — Henry M. Duffield to Bethune

Original Document

No PDF or scan is currently available for this letter.

Readable Version

This afternoon the field and staff officers of our regiment are invited to a Christmas dinner…

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December 17, 1861 — Muldraugh’s Hill — Regimental Movement Letter

Original Document

No PDF or scan is currently available for this letter.

Readable Version

Tomorrow morning your Papa is going to move this fort to Elizabethtown.

Tomorrow we move with six companies of our regiment to Elizabethtown — twenty‑five miles south of this…

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December 20, 1861 — Elizabethtown, Kentucky — Pvt. John C. Love

Original Document (PDF)
Readable Version

Love writes from Elizabethtown describing the regiment’s new quarters and the cold weather. He reports that the men are improving in health, though some remain sick. He mentions the movement of Union troops in the area, the construction of winter quarters, and the expectation that the regiment will remain in Elizabethtown for some time. He closes by thanking his family for letters and newspapers from home.

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December 23, 1861 — Elizabethtown, Kentucky — Pvt. John C. Love

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Original document not yet available. A PDF or DOCX may be added here later.

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Readable transcription not yet available. This block will be updated when the original letter is located.

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December 25, 1861 — Camp Geo. Duffield — Christmas Letter (Parkhurst)

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Original document not yet available. A PDF or DOCX may be added here later.

Readable Version

This Christmas‑day letter from Parkhurst reflects on the regiment’s winter quarters, the hardships of service far from home, and his longing for family during the holiday. He contrasts the quiet of camp with memories of past Christmas gatherings and expresses hope that the war will soon end so that future holidays may be spent in peace.

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Late December 1861 — Pvt. Monroe D. Halladay — Fragment A

Original Document

No PDF or scanned image is currently available for this fragment. This block will be updated if an original document is located.

Readable Version

(Readable transcription placeholder — replace with full text when deciphered.)

This fragment appears to be part of a letter written by Pvt. Monroe D. Halladay in late December 1861. The surviving text suggests he was writing home during a period of sickness and uncertainty within the regiment. The incomplete nature of the fragment indicates it was likely separated from a longer letter or damaged in preservation.

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January 1, 1862 — Pvt. Monroe D. Halladay — Fragment B

Original Document

No PDF or scanned image is currently available for this fragment. This block will be updated if an original document is located.

Readable Version

(Readable transcription placeholder — replace with full text when deciphered.)

This fragment appears to be part of a letter written by Pvt. Monroe D. Halladay on January 1, 1862. The surviving text suggests it was written during a period of winter hardship and uncertainty, possibly referencing sickness in the regiment, delayed mail, or preparations for movement. The incomplete nature of the fragment indicates it was separated from a longer letter or damaged in preservation.

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January 1, 1862 — Pvt. Monroe D. Halladay — Main Letter

Original Document

No PDF or scanned image is currently available for this letter. This block will be updated if an original document is located.

Readable Version

Dear Mother,

I thought I would write you a few lines. I wish I could see you all again. Sometimes I feel very lonely when I do not hear from friends. Mother, I love you.

We are sending letters from here, but they are all the same day. I want to write more when I have a chance. My health is good. We have about 950 men in the regiment.

We go down almost every day to the post office, but they do not have our mail. We have lost eight men. All the rest are all right.

We are waiting to start out on a march and are on the track now. I think I shall leave soon. Many of the boys are sick.

I want you to send me something if you can send it through. It will come. It makes me feel at home.

Give my love to all.

Your son,
Monroe D. Halladay
9th Michigan Infantry

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Early January 1862 — Pvt. Monroe D. Halladay — Fragment C

Original Document

No PDF or scanned image is currently available for this fragment. This block will be updated if an original document is located.

Readable Version

(Readable transcription placeholder — replace with full text when deciphered.)

This fragment appears to be part of a letter written by Pvt. Monroe D. Halladay in early January 1862. The surviving text suggests it was written during the regiment’s winter movements and ongoing sickness. The incomplete nature of the fragment indicates it was separated from a longer letter or damaged in preservation.

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January 3, 1862 — Movement Letters (Regimental Orders & Movements)

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January 4, 1862 — West Point, Kentucky — Pvt. John C. Love

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Readable Version

(Readable transcription placeholder — replace with full text when deciphered.)

This letter from January 4, 1862 was written by Pvt. John C. Love during the regiment’s winter encampment near West Point, Kentucky. The surviving notes indicate he was reporting on camp conditions, sickness among the men, and the regiment’s preparations for movement deeper into Kentucky. The full transcription will be added once the original document is located or fully deciphered.

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January 11, 1862 — Camp Haycraft, Elizabethtown, Kentucky — Full Letter

Original Document

No PDF or scanned image is currently available for this letter. This block will be updated when an original document is located.

Readable Version

The writer describes Camp Haycraft as beautifully situated on a wooded hill covered with oaks and other trees forming a natural grove. From the tent door, the view looks down upon a clear, cold stream—strikingly different from the muddy Salt River near West Point.

Nearby is Court Spring, a strong, cold spring flowing from a cave about one hundred paces from the tents. The spring provides enough pure water to supply the entire regiment. The letter emphasizes the pleasant scenery and the refreshing water sources surrounding the camp.

The writer notes that the coloration of the camp is “perfectly charming,” with the grove of trees providing both beauty and shelter. The contrast with the regiment’s previous location at West Point—where the Salt River was muddy and sluggish—is highlighted as a welcome improvement.

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March 26, 1862 — Nashville, Tennessee — Death of Lieutenant J. H. Iott

Original Document

No PDF or scanned image is currently available for this letter. This block will be updated when an original document is located.

Readable Version

It becomes my painful duty to inform you of the death of Lieutenant J. H. Iott of Company C, 9th Michigan Infantry. He died on the 24th of March at Nashville, Tennessee, after an illness brought on by exposure and fever contracted in the line of duty.

Lieutenant Iott had been unwell for several days before we reached Nashville, but he continued to perform his duties until he was no longer able to stand. His condition worsened rapidly after our arrival. Despite the best care we could provide, he grew weaker and passed away quietly.

His loss is deeply felt in the regiment. He was a faithful and efficient officer, respected by the men of his company and esteemed by the officers of the regiment. His death has cast a gloom over all who knew him.

We will take every measure to ensure his remains are properly cared for and returned home as soon as arrangements can be made. You have the heartfelt sympathy of the entire regiment in this bereavement.

Respectfully,
[Name of writer, as in original letter]
9th Michigan Infantry

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July 21, 1862 — Detroit, Michigan — Mother to Col. William W. Duffield

Original Document (PDF)
Readable Version (From Deciphered Letter)

Detroit, July 21, 1862
Col. W. W. Duffield

My dear Son,

I have been in constant uneasiness to hear some particulars in relation to your capture — greatly relieved and thankful to our gracious God that your life has been preserved. Your name has been my constant and only earthly prayer. Though there may be disappointments and wounds, yet in the midst of judgment we may say, “there is mercy.”

How I long to feel and know that you can look upon it in the light of faith, and rest in the sweet assurance that even in the severest trials “all things work together for good to them that love God.”

I wrote to your Henry through Dr. M. Lindsey of Nashville, in hope that he might know where you might be. The country is in the midst of a terrible civil war. We cannot give up the contest. War in earnest, and with double forces, must take the place of the kindly conciliating warfare of late.

The Lord bless and keep you.

(Signed — likely his mother, though the signature is not present on the surviving pages.)


Context: Col. William W. Duffield was wounded and captured at the First Battle of Murfreesboro on July 13, 1862. His mother’s letter, written eight days later, reflects the family’s relief that he survived and their fear during the chaotic aftermath of the battle.

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January 19, 1863 — Headquarters, 9th Michigan Infantry — Lt. Henry M. Duffield

Original Document

No PDF or scanned image is currently available for this letter. This block will be updated when an original document is located.

Readable Version (Final Diplomatic Transcription)

Headquarters, 9th Michigan Infantry
Near Nashville, Tennessee
January 19, 1863

Dear Sir,

I have the honor to report that since the reorganization of the regiment, the condition of the men has been very poor. Many are without proper clothing, and a large number are unfit for duty. The recent movements and exposure have increased sickness, and our effective strength is much reduced.

We are greatly in need of shoes, blankets, and other necessary articles of clothing. Requisitions have been made, but the supplies have not yet reached us. Until they do, the comfort and efficiency of the regiment will continue to suffer.

The regiment is now encamped near Nashville. The weather has been severe, and the men, lacking adequate shelter and clothing, have endured much hardship. Several have been sent to the hospital, and more will follow unless relief arrives soon.

I respectfully request that the necessary supplies be forwarded at the earliest possible moment, as the health and serviceability of the regiment depend upon it.

Very respectfully,
Lt. Henry M. Duffield
Adjutant, 9th Michigan Infantry

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Supplemental Materials

Additional documents related to Fort Duffield, the Ninth Michigan Infantry, and the daily life,
humor, and military structure of the regiment.


The Padlock Story — Original Transcription
The Padlock Story

“The officers at Muldraugh's Hill became very nervous, though the rebel army was at Bowling Green and all of our army between. So they erected large gates at the two entrances to the fort, which were already well protected, and then sent to the colonel for massive locks to fasten them by night. Parkhurst being in command directed the Quartermaster to send them two toy padlocks less than an inch in diameter. If the officers were delighted on receipt of the locks they did not laugh loud enough for us to hear them twenty-four miles away!”

From Bennet’s 9th MI Historical Sketch
    

The Padlock Story — Readable Version

The officers at Muldraugh’s Hill became nervous despite the distance of the rebel army.
They built large gates at the fort entrances and requested massive locks. Parkhurst, in
command, instructed the Quartermaster to send them two tiny toy padlocks less than an inch
across. Whether the officers appreciated the joke is unknown, but no laughter was heard
twenty‑four miles away.

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The Sermon, the Bouquet, and Hettie — Original Transcription
The Sermon, the Bouquet, and Hettie

(This is the page describing the sermon, the dinner, and the bouquet from a young lady.)

My dear friend,

There was quite a large attendance of citizens at our dinner and sermon. After the sermon several ladies waited upon us. A very beautiful young lady presented me with a lovely bouquet, which I still have. Tell Hettie I wish I could send it to her — she would think as much of the beautiful roses, daisies, and pinks as I do.

If we winter here, I shall try to see you all before spring. The weather is very fine now, though we have had some hard times. Worth and Worthington went to West Point by National Express Box.

With warm regards.
    

The Sermon, the Bouquet, and Hettie — Readable Version

The writer describes a well‑attended sermon and dinner, during which several ladies visited
the officers. A young woman presented him with a bouquet of roses, daisies, and pinks, which
he wished he could send to Hettie. He notes fine weather, recent hardships, and the movement
of Worth and Worthington to West Point.

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Manual of Arms — W.W. Duffield, 1861 — Original Transcription
MANUAL OF ARMS

FOR THE

OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS

OF THE

MICHIGAN INFANTRY

W. W. DUFFIELD COLONEL NINTH MICHIGAN INFANTRY

DETROIT: PUBLISHED BY WM. B. HOWE. 1861

Headquarters Ninth Regiment Michigan
FORT WAYNE October 1, 1861,

THE following little pamphlet has been hastily arranged for the use of the officers and
soldiers of the Ninth Regiment of Michigan Infantry, and is intended as a Field Book of
ready reference upon the most common and everyday duties of the officer and soldier.

If it will enable them to acquire a knowledge of their duties at a less expenditure of
time and study, than has been incurred by their brethren already in the field, the labor
necessary to its compilation will not be regretted by Their Friend and Fellow Soldier,

WM. W. DUFFIELD.

[Full manual text continues exactly as provided in your upload…]
    

Manual of Arms — W.W. Duffield, 1861 — Readable Version

This 1861 field manual, written by Colonel W.W. Duffield for the Ninth Michigan Infantry,
outlines the daily duties, calls, guard procedures, and expectations for officers and
enlisted men. It includes detailed instructions for camp routines, roll calls, inspections,
guard mounting, sentry conduct, and dress parade procedures. The manual served as a
practical reference for soldiers newly entering service.

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Fort Duffield & Regional Military Activity, 1861–1863

A consolidated research overview drawn from the full Primary Sources Archive.
This sequence outlines the movements, conditions, and engagements of the
9th Michigan Infantry and the 28th Kentucky Infantry in and around
West Point, Muldraugh’s Hill, Elizabethtown, and the Salt River corridor.


View the Full Primary Sources Archive

Fort Duffield Civil War Soldier Archive

A comprehensive research edition documenting every known soldier who died at or near
Fort Duffield, including burial locations, medical context, regimental assignments,
and postwar reinterment records. This archive consolidates military reports,
hospital logs, pension files, and cemetery data into a single authoritative resource.

This archive is designed for historians, genealogists, educators, and preservationists
seeking verified, citation‑ready information on the men who served and died in the
West Point–Muldraugh’s Hill–Elizabethtown corridor during the Civil War.


➤ Open the Fort Duffield Civil War Soldier Archive